Rise+and+Fall+of+the+English+Monarchs

Use this page to collect data about the English Monarchs (ie. dates, major accomplishments, how they rose to power, major concepts, key events). The planning done on the wiki should help expediate the process of creating the classroom display.


 * Let's make an effort to use this wiki in a more productive way. For instance, several of the dates of the monarchs are missing; I don't see any attempt to fill in the gaps between monarchs for whom we didn't have presentations; the monarchs aren't even in the proper order in the listing below. Remember, maintaining this wiki is part of the prep work for the display that you are creating as a class. It has been explained that we regard the display as a MAJOR assignment. If the class wants to earn a good grade on the display, start by organizing your thoughts and information on this wiki. What we have below is inconsistent and not well organized. Also, you should be generating ideas about a concept, scheme, etc for the display on the discussion board as suggested by Jacob in class yesterday. At this point, only Elisa and John have contributed to the discussion post. For those who have already presented, this is the ONLY homework you have had for a week. Dunbar **

** Criteria for quotes about monarchs: **

 * ** 3-4 lines (maximum) **
 * times new roman (font style), 16 (font size) Italicized
 * cite the author of the quote under the last line of the quotation (ie. ~King William I) not italicized
 * In general, please print out a picture, quote and name
 * The name should be also times new roman, font size 20

I tried to fill in all the monarchs that we did not do reports on. I put their name and the start and end date of their rule. I couldn't do all because some people don't have theirs up yet. Sorry. =__//** MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THE PROJECT, WEDNESDAY THE PROJECT STARTS **//__= > We need Paint, probably more brown paint, please
 * Bark of the Tree
 * Tissue Paper, supplied by Claudia + Brett + Stephanie + Emily
 * (Brown) Paint, supplied by ...
 * Leaves
 * Character on the leaf, paragraph behind it
 * We need at least a paragraph to go with each of our monarchs with the visual representative
 * Up to each group...?
 * Different seaons require different materials, up to the groups
 * Branches are uniform for all
 * **HOT GLUE/GLUE**--> Jacob + Jack + Sarah + Elisa + Jessica + Juana
 * **DOUBLE SIDED TAPE**--> Lena
 * **MODGE PODGE**--> Sarah + Anna + Claudia
 * Background
 * Poster board
 * White

- I told the winter group already, but my idea was that they could use cellophane for ice and possibly icicles. Just wanted to post it so other people could voice their opinions. - Claudia

We most definitely need a running list of the monarchs/influential people in order. I've filled out as many as I know off the top of my head, please add to the list if you can!
 * 1) William the Conqueror
 * 2) The Battle of Hastings
 * 3) King Henry II
 * 4) Thomas Becket
 * 5) Eleanor of Aquitane
 * 6) Richard I
 * 7) John I
 * 8) Magna Carta
 * 9) Edward I
 * 10) Edward III
 * 11) Hundred Years War
 * 12) Richard II
 * 13) Henry IV
 * 14) Henry V
 * 15) Edward IV
 * 16) War of the Roses
 * 17) Richard III
 * 18) Henry VII
 * 19) Henry VIII
 * 20) Catherine of Aragon
 * 21) Anne Boleyn
 * 22) Edward VI
 * 23) Mary I
 * 24) Elizabeth I
 * 25) James I
 * 26) Charles I
 * 27) Oliver Cromwell
 * 28) Charles II
 * 29) James II
 * 30) William and Mary
 * 31) The English Bill of Rights

As a duke of Normandy, he puts down rebellions and invasions in Normandy, and invades England. At the Battle of Hastings, he defeats King Harold, and claims the English throne. He commissions the Doomsday Book, the first starting point of nationalism, and he brings French as the noble language, and norman feudalism. He successfully puts down many rebellions, uprisings, despite his norman heritage in England, and many powerful lords plotting against him on the both sides of the Channel. He expands his land, from Norandy to include Maine, England, and some of Scotland.
 * __William the Conqueror(1066-1087)__**

__The Battle of Hastings (October 14, 1066)__
This was a pivatol battle in English history because it completely changed the way England was governed as well as its culture. William of Normandy (Later William the Conqueror) sailed across the English Channel and landed on the mainland of England. From there he marched to Hastings where King Harold Godwinssonn intercepted him. They fought the Battle of Hastings on October 14, 1066. The fight raged on through th emorning and into the afternoon. Eventually, William's army was able to wear down the opposing side and claim victory, mainly because of the advantage of numbers he possessed. William then conquered (hence William the Conqueror) the rest of England without fighting another battle. When William was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1066, this was a changing point for England. William began the institution of the fuedal system, as well as changing the official language to French. The effects of these changes can be seen throughout the rest of England's history.

Between William and Henry II:
 * William II --- 1087-1100
 * Henry I --- 1100-1135
 * Stephen --- 1135-1154
 * matilda?? -- debated

-Stephanie Seo
 * __ HENRY THE 2ND; power to the royal administration __ **


 * Most well recognized for is his creation of English Common Law, which means that there is, or at least that there should be, one royal law, for all English people. It enabled the accomplishment of his first major task, which was to re-establish the kings' authority and justice from the church.
 * He also involved his barons in legislation and law-making, developing the ideas of bureacracy.
 * Declared that if a monk, priest, or a member or the clergy was thought to have commited a crime, he would be tried by the king's judges, instead of the bishop of the church. This e stablished, for the first time, a sense of fairness and the suppression of the unjust benefits received through the church to its close members.
 * Created HUGE conflict with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, which ended with his death by murder.
 * Provided the infrastructure upon which the modern day systems of justice were built, by developing the; Common law, which led to the separation of the church and state, and the idea of a Bureaucracy; the foundation for America's justice system as well as those of many other European countries.
 * One of England's greatest rulers, influenced the huge, permanent swerve on the course of English justice systems. (Separation of the church and the state)
 * POWER RATING: 9~10


 * __Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204)__** -- Laura Packer
 * Grew up in the wealthiest region of France, Aquitaine
 * Ruled Aquitaine from 1137-1204 --- gained power by father dying
 * Ruled France from 1137-1152 --- gained power by marrying the heir to the french throne
 * Ruled England and its provinces from 1152-1204 --- gained power by marrying heir to the english throne
 * Total: 67 years (longest?? or almost the longest?)
 * Restructured Paris and England (twice) with Aquitainian culture
 * Played active roles --went on second crusade with Louis VII
 * Produced 8 children (two who ruled, her grand kids ruled too)
 * Started rebellion against husband with her two oldest sons
 * Locked up for 16 years in a tower
 * Was the first solo woman ruler of England ever (ruled when Richard went on third crusade)
 * Her people **adored**her
 * Did not really like or listen to people (especially men) when they told her to do things
 * Died at age 82 (ancient for that time)
 * Power rating between 9-10 (whatever we decided for Henry II---remember she was a women!!!)

__//**Thomas Becket -**//__ Ben Chansky

 * Archbishop of Canterbury between 1161, when Theobald of Bec passed, to 1170 when he was brutally murdered in Canterbury Cathedral
 * However between 1164 to 1170 he was in exile because of his problems with Henry II
 * Rise to Archbishop
 * He got appointed first to be chancellor and then with Theobalds death in 1161 he became Archbishop
 * Problems with Henry II
 * Church vs. King power struggle
 * Crimes in the clergy, and "clergy immunity"
 * Died on December 29th, 1970 by four of Henry's knights
 * 1173 he was deemed a saint and a martyr by Pope Alexander III and his tomb became a spot of pilgrimage
 * Power level - 3
 * Not a monarch, but his influence on the English Church and his ability to stand up to the king help him stand out among the crowd

__Richard I__

 * Experienced warmonger since adolescence
 * Left his kingdom to join the Third Crusade
 * Many rebellions during reign
 * POWER RATING: 6

__John the First: (1199-1216)__

 * //Born (1166) with no power and land. His father named him John Lackland.//
 * //Came to power with the death of his brothers, but was quickly contested bby Phillip II of France.//
 * //Lost Anjou, Maine, and Normandy//
 * //Signed the Magna Carta//
 * //Rebellion- rebels took London//
 * //Had a beef with Pope Innocent II//
 * //One positive thing he did was die (1216). This was because he passed the power over to his son, the heir. The people gathered behind his son and they drove Prince Luois out of England//
 * //POWER RATING: **3**//

The Magna Carta - Albert Chang
 * Limited the monarch's power
 * Influenced modern constitutions such as the American Bill of Rights/Constitution
 * The Magna Carta is created because of King John's corrupt way of government
 * Created to protect the rights of England's upper class citizens
 * The Baron's are especially infuriated, and demand a written list of laws to be signed by King John.
 * The Magna Carta helped protect the rights of the people
 * Signed June 15th 1215 at Runnymede England
 * King John eventually broke his promise and defeated the rebels 3 months after signing the Magna Carta
 * The Magna Carta applied to everybody in the feudal pyramid, including peasants and the Royal Family

Between John I and Edward I:
 * Louis --- 1216-1217
 * Henry III --- 1217-1272

__Edward I of England (1239-1307)__

 * "Longshanks" "Hammer of the Scots"
 * Son of Henry III (No one did a presentation on him). One of the worst kings England has ever had
 * Learned from father's mistakes
 * Communicated with his people, allowing him to achieve his goals
 * Conquered Wales after his father failed MANY times
 * Improved the constiutional system by dividing it into 4 branches
 * Controled Scotland for most of his reign
 * Power Rating: 9 (Considering England was at a terrible state when he inherted it. And was able to expand it during his reign and improve the constituional system, all while making sure his people still liked/favored him.)

Between Edward I and Edward III:
 * Edward II --- 1307-1327


 * Edward III (1312-1377)**
 * Grandson of Edward I (the Longshanks), son of Edward II whose reign (1307-1327) was disastrous
 * Puppet ruler of Roger Mortimer, his mother's lover, until Mortimer's execution in 1330
 * Campaigned against David II of Scotland for 10 or so years, attempting to instill Edward Balliol on the throne
 * Reigned during first phase of Hundred Years' War, AKA the Edwardian War (1337-1375)
 * Claimed to be rightful heir to the French crown in 1337 as nephew of France's Charles IV, who was instead succeeded by his cousin Philip VI
 * Won at Sluys (1340), Crecy (1346) and Calais (1347) before forced to return because of the Black Death in 1348
 * Philip VI succeeded by John II in 1350; Edward's son the Black Prince trounces the French and captures John at the Battle of Poitiers (1356), French surrender at Paris in 1359
 * John II dies in 1364 and is succeeded by Charles V, who levels the playing field by restarting the war and defeating the weakened English army under Edward's third son John of Gaunt in 1375
 * Made significant, yet not monumental changes in English policies
 * Statute of Treason (1351) defines certain types of treason
 * Statute of Laborers (1351) places restrictions on peasant pay
 * Justice of the Peace (1361) created to aid sheriffs from public harassment
 * English primary language changed back to English (1362) from William I's Norman French influence
 * Operated through the respect of his people rather than through cruelty
 * Died in 1377, after two of his sons and his wife. Reigned fifty years.
 * Power rating: 7.5. Although there were not many rebellions or other internal problems that hindered him during his reign, Edward III overcame the deprivations caused by his father and set his country back on course.


 * __Hundred Years' War__**
 * 1337-1453
 * Between France and England
 * Over rule of the French throne
 * Settling 300 year old disputes
 * Divided into three smaller wars
 * Edwardian (1337-1360)
 * Battle of Cressy-major innovations in styles of war to come in the future
 * English win
 * Caroline (1369-1389)
 * French win
 * Lancastrian (1414-1453)
 * John Stewart and the Franco-Scottish army- drive English out of Paris and turn Lancastrian war around
 * Joan of Arc- Martyr and Saint; convinced French to seize Orleans
 * French win
 * Overall French Victory
 * Killed 1.5-2 million French and English soldiers
 * Ranking: ? (How should we address a war? It's still significant, but I don't know how to go about it.)
 * Ranking: ? (How should we address a war? It's still significant, but I don't know how to go about it.)

//__Richard II 1376-1400 • Young king • Failure in 100yrs war • invaded ireland • war of the roses • Largest army • Wealthy • Tyranny of Richard • peasants revolt Power rating 4 Between Richard II and Henry IV:
 * Henry IV --- 1377-1399


 * __Henry IV 1366-1413:__**
 * battled rebels


 * ruled during period of relative uneventfulness in the Hundred Year's war\


 * Made social/political bluners

Rise to power: Rein: Power Rating: 8
 * Had little support
 * battled illness for most of his life
 * limited power and control
 * __Henry V:__**
 * Henry was involved in military in teenage years which gained him favor with parliament and the people of england. Most famous for commanding the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403
 * Spent next five years fighting against Owen Glendowers rebellion in whales
 * He became involved in the Kings council from the years 1406-1411 and gained favor with parliament through ideas of financial reform
 * After Henry IV dies in 1413, Henry V is crowned king.
 * Spends two years putting into action financial reforms
 * goes to war with france in 1415- most famous for Battle of Agincourt on October 25th.
 * In 1417 goes to france again and surrounds Paris
 * Treaty of Troyes is created where Henry marries the kings daughter Catherine
 * Reaches top most point of power but then dies on August 31, 1422

Between Henry V and Edward IV:
 * Henry VI --- 1422-1461

//Rise to Power:// //Rebellions:// //Impact:// //Power Rating:// In the range of a 2-3, never got a chance to discuss in class. //Picture://
 * __Richard the Third: (1483-1485) Jack Palmer__**
 * Edward IV dies, his son, Edward V is supposed to become the King
 * Edward IV marriage declared invalid, Edward V becomes illegitimate (can't become King)
 * Richard III coronated on July 6th, 1483, Edward V and brother Richard disappear soon afterward.
 * Rebellion of 1483 - Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham; tries to support Edward V. Transfers support to Tudor after the disappearance.
 * Battle of Bosworth Field - August 22, 1485. House of Tudor vs. House of York. Richard leads charge to Tudor, killed in Battle
 * Last Plantagenet King (started in 1126 AD)
 * Had no heir (Edward of Middleham is only legitimate son, dies at age 10)
 * Set up Council of the North - Stabalizes Northern Europe
 * Introduces bail and "Court of Requests"
 * Translation of "Law of Statues" from French to English


 * Henry VII- Kyle Wadell**
 * Born on January 28, 1457 to Edmund Tudor and Margret Beaufort
 * His main accomplishment was his rise to the throne. He lived during the war of the roses and ascended to the throw by defeating the other houses (he was Lancaster the other King, Richard III, was York) monarch. With this victory he ended the War of the Rosees and brought stability back to Britian a country that had been in constant civil unrest for about thirty years.
 * Once on the throne he worked to expand the wealth of the monarch by fiercely increasing taxes on the nobles, bringing a more centralized government to Britain.
 * He began building a navy to expand the English commerce as well as armed forces.
 * Died suddenly in April 1509 and was succeed by his son Henry VII.
 * Power rating: 8

Henry VIII April 1509-January 1547 ** Missing Dates **

Of all the monarchs presented on, King Henry VIII had the most power of them all. He was a controlling man who would execute anyone who went against him. Few went against Henry. He had the full backing of parliament and parliament had the full backing of Henry. Henry drafted acts such as the Laws in Wales Acts that helped unite British land. Most importantly, King Henry started the English Reformation which would change how the religious system in England worked. King Henry even produced three future English monarchs to continue the tudor dominance in England. Power Rating: 10+ Princess of Wales November 14th, 1501 (marriage to Arthur) to April 2nd, 1502 (death of Arthur) Queen of England June 11th, 1509 (marriage to Henry VIII) to January 7th, 1536 (her death). Her official rule ended around 1533 when Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn, but she still considered herself Queen and her people supported her. During her marriage to Henry VIII, she gave birth to Mary I. Her people loved her She began the education of women in England Briefly appointed regent by Henry VIII when he was away fighting in France Led battle against the Scots Henry's divorcing her caused the Church of England, or the Anglican Church, to be formed as the regular Church would not permit their divorce. Power rating - 7 or 8 - ruled 1533-1536 - second wife to Henry VIII - helped reform the church in England - The Act of Sucession - other accomplishments: -alliance with France -translated the bible into English -granted petitions, gave partonage, and received diplomats -charity work -gave birth to Elizabeth I -became queen - ranking: 6
 * Catherine of Aragon (December 16th, 1485 - January 7th, 1536)**
 * Anne Boleyn**

- Born October 12th, 1537 - Raised as an Anglican - The only son that Henry VIII ever had and cherished - In 1546, became king at age 9, but was too young to rule by himself - power was given to proctor Edward Seymour and council of regency - England began to progress more and more into protestantism than it had during Henry VIII's reign - Book of Common Prayer was finished - By 1552, health began to waver - In July 6th, 1553, died at age 15 from tuberculosis before he even got the chance to rule on his own. - no problems emerged during his "reign" though. - Power rating: 4 or 5
 * Edward VI (1537 - 1553) **

**Elizabeth I -** Elisa Wang
 * Mary I-Young-Hee**
 * **B**orn February 18, 1516
 * Only surviving child to Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
 * Declared a Bastard when she was 17
 * Succeeded Jane Grey and became the first rightful queen of england
 * Married Phillip II of Spain in 1554-unpopular, lost Calai in France during the war
 * Burned 300 Protestant Leaders at the stake
 * Known as Bloody Mary from that point on
 * Changed the religion of England back to Catholicism
 * Died of Sickness in 1558
 * Reigned for Only 5 years, religious reform was undone by half-sister Elizabeth I
 * Born on September 7, 1533
 * Reign: (1558-1603)
 * Good relationship with Parliament
 * "The Golden Age" and the "Elizabethan Era" - Golden Speech (1601)
 * Act of Supremacy (1559)
 * One of the most influential and powerful monarch ever in English history
 * Made the Navy big enough to defeat the Spanish Armada which at that time had been the country with the strongest Navy- Battle of Gravelines (1588)
 * The arts and Shakespeare flourished, one of the greatest play writers ever
 * Was a woman and very influential at that time even though she was a woman in the 1500's
 * Power Rating: 10+ (whatever Henry VIII got)

James I, 1581-1625 -raised by George Buchanan -strong sense of Divine Right -Allies with Elizabeth I -succeeded her in 1603 -king of England and Scotland -Gifted author (spiritual poems) -use of plays as propaganda to promote Christianity -horrible relationship with parliament (they had meetings without him during the 30 yrs war) -New King James Bible translation -religious influence, not political

OLIVER CROMWELL - Mhan
 * born 1599, to Elizabeth and Robert Cromwell
 * Experienced great spiritual awakening in late 1620s; Puritan
 * Member of Parliament in 1640s
 * Rises to Lieutenant-General in Parliamentary army
 * Great contributions to war effort on Commons side
 * great cavalry leader, greatly disciplined men, thus the nickname the "Ironsides"
 * after Charles I execution, Rump Parliament is also dismissed, and Cromwell becomes Lord Protector
 * ruled for 5 years, a King in all but name, when he refused the offering of the crown by Parliament
 * Died in 1658, September 8th, due to a malarial disease

Charles I Born 1600 (lived until 1649) to King James I and Anne of Denmark Reign: 1625-1649 Very religious, beloved in Devine right just like his father Completely dismissed parliament for a period of 11 years during his rule (1638-1640) Lost the first civil war which led him to escape to an island off the coast of England (the isle of Wight) Then was defeated again in the 2nd civil war. Charles was then trailed for high treason and was the first king to be executed (beheaded) on January 30th, 1649 power rating of around 2- didn't do much for the benefit of England, and obviously wasn't very popular with parlor her government officials or the people, as he was beheaded.

CHARLES THE SECOND! by JASMIN R
 * Born on May 29th, 1630
 * Reign was from 1660-1685
 * Battle of Dunbar, Cromwell won september 3rd, 1650
 * Became King of Scotland
 * Battle of Worcester, attack on England, Charles lost, on sep 3, 1651
 * Years in exile
 * Cromwell's son not good candidate for throne, Charles invited to be king of england
 * Declaration of Breda
 * Coronation, loved by people, april 3rd, 1661
 * Act of Indemnity and Oblivion
 * Founded royal society in 1662
 * Secret treaty with louis 14th
 * Catholic like James II (brother)
 * Succeeded by brother
 * Converted to catholicism on deathbed (1685)
 * First king to rule after the restoration, parliament restored his power, without parliament, would be powerless
 * Power rating: 5 or 4, not very powerful but restored monarchies of England, Scotland, Ireland after rule of lord protector, oliver cromwell

King James II was an abysmal ruler, but it was only because he was horrible that the English Bill of Rights was made and was so influential. Also fathered Mary (William III's wife)
 * __James II__**
 * Becomes king after his brother, Charles II dies (1685)
 * Was extremely Catholic
 * Very unpopular ruler due to his religious bias
 * Creates the Declaration of Indulgence (1687)
 * Protestants kick him out by calling in William of Orange. (1688)
 * Eventually flees England and spends the rest of his life in France.
 * Dies in 1701

__**William and Mary (1689-1702) (1689-1694) (respectively)**__
 * Both were grandchildren of Charles I; first cousins and married to each other
 * William III of Orange attacks James II on November 5, 1688
 * Parliament chooses William III and Mary II to rule over England
 * Under Bill of Rights, which definitely gave more power to Parliament and less to the monarchs
 * William and Mary were joint rulers, which was the first in English history
 * William traveled around Europe for most of the years, which Mary stayed and ruled in England
 * Jacobites created a few uprisings, but William was able to smother them.
 * Mary died December 28, 1694 (age 31, reigned 5 years)
 * As part of the English Bill of Rights, William continued ruling
 * William died March 8, 1702 (age 51, reigned 13 years)
 * William and Mary had no children; succeeded by Mary's sister Anne


 * __English Bill of Rights 1689__**
 * Following the rule of James II (1685-1688)
 * Glorious Revolution (1688) led by William and Mary kicked James II out
 * Bill created by convention Parliament (January 1689), signed into law by William in the same year
 * Bill of Rights ended his rule, also made William and Mary joint rulers of England
 * stated reasons for James II's abdication to the throne, he was pro-Catholic and anti-Protestant
 * established line of succession for William and Mary
 * Most importantly, the bill gave Parliament much power and included restrictions on the monarchy
 * allowed Parliament toe created/ approve and suspend laws
 * allowed Parliament regulation of taxation
 * gave Parliament some military powers as well